The Biophysics Approach to Fasting

“The longevity strategy of responsible seasonal fasting is a wise circadian tool for the mitochondriac to use in their toolkit to become more optimal.” Nathan Siles

Fasting is a powerful tool that leverages our evolutionary adaptations to enhance health and resilience. By influencing key metabolic pathways and hormonal systems, fasting supports optimal function and longevity. Understanding the role of fasting in human health can help individuals harness its benefits to improve overall well-being. Fasting time is about promoting cellular repair. Eating time is about promoting cellular growth.

The Role of Fasting in Human Health: Evolution, Resilience, and Hormonal Interplay

Fasting, the voluntary abstention from food for a set period, has deep roots in human evolution and offers multiple health benefits. This natural practice is not only a survival strategy but also a means to enhance resilience, optimize metabolic processes, and balance hormonal functions.

Evolutionary Perspective

Historically, humans evolved in environments where food scarcity was common. This cyclical availability of food led to the development of metabolic pathways that allowed our ancestors to thrive during periods of fasting. This evolutionary adaptation ensured that humans could store energy efficiently and utilize these reserves when necessary, promoting survival and reproductive success.

Resilience and Adaptation

Fasting induces a state of ketosis, where the body shifts from using glucose as its primary fuel to burning fat. This metabolic switch increases resilience by:

• Enhancing Mitochondrial Function: Fasting improves mitochondrial efficiency and density, leading to better energy production and reduced oxidative stress.

• Autophagy: During fasting, the body initiates autophagy, a process that removes damaged cells and cellular debris, promoting cellular renewal and longevity.

• Hormesis: Fasting acts as a mild stressor that strengthens the body’s stress response mechanisms, thereby improving overall resilience. Fasting induces hormesis. Hormesis is positive stress improving mitochondrial density and function. Hormesis is not only induced by fasting ut also by heat exposure, cold exposure, sunlight exposure or exercise. Hormesis only works when the positive feedback loop is properly coupled to the negative feedback control tied to light and dark cycles. When the coupling mechanism is not present, hormesis becomes impossible and extinction for both sides of the feedback loop occur and the labs show flatlining of the substance in question. This is why people who say chronic fasting or chronic ketosis optimize endogenous systems are completely wrong. The same thing is true about taking supplements of things normally made in a cell. Glutathione and Vitamin E are good examples.

Hormonal Interplay

Fasting impacts several key hormones that regulate metabolism, appetite, and overall health:

• Insulin: Fasting lowers insulin levels, which helps increase insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Lower insulin also promotes fat burning.

• Leptin: The master hormone governing all growth and energy metabolism in the human living system is produced by fat cells and when secreted signals satiety to the leptin receptor in the brain. Fasting enhances leptin sensitivity, improving hunger regulation.

• Ghrelin: Known as the hunger hormone, ghrelin levels rise during fasting, stimulating appetite. However, regular fasting can lead to better ghrelin regulation, reducing excessive hunger over time.

• Cortisol and Growth Hormone: Fasting can increase cortisol levels initially but also boosts growth hormone secretion, which helps in fat metabolism and muscle preservation.

Ketosis

To understand fasting you must understand ketosis.

Humans are naturally Ketotic when we sleep. Fasting promotes ketosis in the body. Fat turns into 83% carbon dioxide and 17% water. This explains urination during the night-time assuming Leptin Sensitivity. If you are Leptin Resistant, then ADH would be dysfunctional and then urination would occur far too much and often during night-time. As a minimum, we should be Ketotic on short (less than 4 hour) plane trips. In the 1920’s a Ketogenic diet was an alternative therapy for children with epilepsy, reducing the number of seizures. It can mitigate symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, diabetes, cancer and some autoimmune conditions.

The Ketogenic diet is a very low carb/high fat diet that triggers the body’s natural metabolic process known as Ketosis. Through the deprivation of your body’s natural food source, glucose, this forces the body to burn fat for fuel. As stored fat is broken down, the liver produces Ketones, a type of fatty acid. These are sent into the bloodstream where the muscles and other tissues can use them as fuel. Ketosis normally occurs in a fasting state, however it can occur in the absence of glucose and in the presence of Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT’s), such as those found in Coconut. Ensuring Protein intake is kept to moderate is important if you want to remain in ketosis as protein can be converted to glucose if excess is consumed. Thus, increase protein consumption can bump the body out of Ketosis. Keep in mind that being in Ketosis for an extended period of time can be a strain on the adrenal glands, which may already be depleted in people who are already blue light frequency toxic. Deal with your own personal and environmental stressors before going Ketotic to avoid burnout. Ketone bodies are deuterium depleted. Ketones also block the NLP3 inflammasomes.

What are Ketones?

Ketones are chemicals released by your liver to break down fat for fuel, when your insulin is kept at a lower level. This is significant because recent studies have shown one particular ketone (beta-HBA) is a “super fuel” for energy production — it’s even better than glucose. It has also been shown to protect brain cells from toxins associated with Alzheimer’s, which we know is type 3 diabetes.

How does Ketosis protect us in a modern world loaded with non-native electromagnetic fields (nnEMF)?

Electromagnetic radiation (light) is the primary cause of DNA mutations in all life forms because of what it does to protons at certain locations on the carbon backbone of glucose and ribose. Ketosis recycles these protons in the sugar backbone of DNA and RNA to keep them quiescent and less reactive to light radiations in certain seasons. Ketosis is not optimal in all seasons with a varying light environment. Ketosis is more relevant in winter than it is in summer. If your body has too much deuterium and you live in the tropics this usually means you don’t get enough sun. Commons symptoms of this are low energy, poor cognitive function, fatty liver, obesity, etc. in this case, it is important to be relatively Ketogenic in the Tropics because you want to get your water from the fat you eat rather than the water you drink or vegetables you eat. When you get cold you become ketogenic by design as your light environment varies and you are burning your own fat to make C02 and mitochondrial water and ENDOGENOUS plasma vitamin C from oxalates. Remember today's technology driven world makes getting oxalate stones less likely because we are using oxalates as our storehouse for Vitamin C to fix the deficits of the PVN and adrenal stressors we've built, i.e. wireless technology, powerlines, internet of things.

How to do ketosis properly

Ketosis requires a connection to the earth and a chronic source of solar infrared light in some way, because Ketosis in nature generates massive amounts of protons from fat stores and from water in the intracellular space (mitochondria) and the extracellular space (water). These extra protons require structuring and charge separation which naturally occurs via the infrared frequencies in sunlight. Ketosis is not a fuel source from diet, it is the result from a fasting state, when an animal environment forces it to live off its proton stores from its fat mass, while connected to the earth. The key part of the solar spectrum is 42% IR-A light. Optimised ketosis requires the process of grounding.

Why are fats more efficient than carbs?

Ketosis allows for more ATP to be made to maximally unfold proteins. This is based upon the ability of one mole of glucose only making 36 ATP vs 147 ATP from the beta oxidation of fats. ATP’s main function in a zero-entropy quantum cell, opens protein conformational structure to expose more water binding sites in proteins. When this occurs PROPERLY UNDER SOLAR LIGHT STIMULUS the amount of ATP is stochastically linked to potassium concentration inside the cell. This is why potassium is found inside all cells and sodium is not. Sodium exclusion is not due to a membrane pump as most biochemistry books say it is. Energy in cells is generated by semiconduction of charged particles that are separated from water.

How does it work?

A ketogenic diet works by uncoupling Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) from Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption (CMRO2)!  This means that eating a ketogenic diet allows a higher CBF while having a lower resting cerebral metabolism. Carbohydrates and proteins have not shown this benefit in any study testing cerebral autoregulation yet. This means that a low carb, high MCT fat diet confers a significant metabolic advantage to the brain. Improving mitochondrial efficiency by generating a lot of energy from splitting water.

• ENERGY FROM FORMATION OF ONLY ONE MOLE OF WATER

• CO2 1/2 O2 = one mole H2O (~18 grams water = 3.5 teaspoons) = 286 kJ

• When one mole of H2O is created from one H2 (hydrogen) molecule and half O2 (oxygen), 286 kJ of power are released to the cell to do work. That is an astounding amount of energy. This is just from water.  

Ayurveda and Keto: The ketogenic diet is suited more for Vata constitutions because of the high fat and protein. This eating template requires strong kidneys and liver. And requires exercise and cold thermogenesis (CT) practices of exposing your skin and eyes to cold stimulus (i.e. water).

The Biophysics of Leptin and Its Role in Fasting

Leptin is a photoreceptive semiconductor protein hormone that acts within the hypothalamus to suppress food intake and decrease body adiposity, but it is increasingly clear that the hypothalamus is not the only site of leptin action, nor food intake the only biological effect of leptin. Instead, leptin is a pleiotropic hormone that impinges on many brain areas, and in doing so alters food intake, motivation, learning, memory, cognitive function, neuroprotection, reproduction, growth, metabolism, energy expenditure, and more. [study]

Leptin is a fundamental hormone in regulating energy balance, metabolism, and circadian biology. Its role extends from influencing mitochondrial function and quantum biological processes to integrating circadian rhythms and maintaining the brain-gut axis. Understanding leptin's biophysics and its role in fasting provides critical insights into maintaining metabolic health and addressing metabolic disorders.

Leptin Sensitivity and Resistance – Leptin sensitivity refers to the responsiveness of leptin receptors to leptin signaling. When functioning optimally, leptin binds to its receptors in the hypothalamus, signaling satiety and reducing appetite. However, in conditions of leptin resistance, despite high levels of circulating leptin, the signaling is impaired, leading to unregulated appetite and energy imbalance. This condition is commonly associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. If a person is leptin resistant, this makes fasting challenging, as it disrupts the body's ability to efficiently manage hunger and energy expenditure. If you have trouble with fasting or have in the past, this is evidence of leptin resistance at a cellular level. 

Structure, Production, and Signaling of Leptin – The hormone is produced as a 16 kDa protein encoded by the LEP gene and functions by binding to leptin receptors (LEPR), which are predominantly located in the hypothalamus of the brain. Upon secretion, leptin enters the bloodstream and travels to the brain, where it interacts with the hypothalamus. Here, it signals the status of the body's energy stores, effectively acting as a fuel gauge and body composition regulator. This interaction is critical for maintaining homeostasis and regulating hunger and energy expenditure. During fasting, leptin levels decrease, signaling the brain to conserve energy and increase hunger to restore energy balance. This adaptive mechanism helps the body cope with periods of low energy availability. However, in conditions of leptin resistance, this signaling is impaired, leading to metabolic dysregulation and an inability to properly respond to fasting. Fasting can improve leptin sensitivity by reducing inflammation and resetting leptin signaling pathways. This improvement is crucial for restoring energy balance and enhancing metabolic health. Conversely, chronic leptin resistance, often seen in obesity, hampers this adaptive response, exacerbating metabolic disorders.

Leptin and Circadian Biology – Leptin is a circadian hormone as leptin levels exhibit diurnal variation, influenced by factors such as food intake, light exposure, and sleep patterns. This circadian regulation is crucial for synchronizing metabolic processes with the day-night cycle. Leptin interacts with circadian clock genes such as CLOCK, BMAL1, Per1, and Rev-erb. These interactions influence metabolic and circadian processes, demonstrating the hormone's role in integrating metabolic signals with the body's internal clock. Leptin receptor-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, including those in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), play a pivotal role in entraining circadian rhythms to feeding schedules and light exposure. This neural integration is essential for maintaining energy balance and metabolic health.

Leptin and the Brain-Gut Axis – The brain-gut axis is a critical component of energy metabolism, with leptin playing a key role in this complex interaction. The vagus nerve, which innervates the gut and provides feedback to the brain, is heavily influenced by leptin signaling. This feedback loop is essential for regulating appetite, digestion, and energy balance. Leptin receptors in the gut help modulate digestive processes and energy absorption. Disruptions in leptin signaling can lead to gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Crohn's disease, highlighting the hormone's importance in maintaining gut health.

Fasting, Ketosis, Glucose Needs, and Muscle – The purpose of Fasting is repair and renewal followed by feeding and building

Blood glucose is tiny and precious, held within a narrow range of about 65 to 100 milligrams per deciliter even in deep ketosis. At any given time, the human body contains only about four grams of circulating glucose, barely a teaspoon. Yet this small pool is fiercely protected because certain tissues, such as red blood cells, portions of the brain, and parts of the kidney, depend entirely on glucose to function.

When carbohydrate intake stops, the body must maintain this delicate balance through remarkable adaptive systems. Within roughly twenty-four hours of fasting, the liver’s glycogen stores are mostly depleted. At that point, the body pivots toward gluconeogenesis, the creation of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Two primary substrates, lactate and glycerol, take center stage, allowing the body to preserve blood sugar without dismantling its muscle tissue.

Lactate, produced when muscles metabolize small amounts of glucose during activity, is shuttled through the bloodstream to the liver. There, it enters the Cori cycle, where it is converted back into glucose using energy derived from fat oxidation. This elegant recycling loop provides a steady glucose supply for essential tissues while sparing amino acids from being stripped from muscle.

Simultaneously, the breakdown of body fat, known as lipolysis, releases glycerol from the triglyceride molecules stored in adipose tissue. The liver transforms glycerol into glycerol-3-phosphate and then into glucose through enzyme-driven pathways. This process becomes especially significant after the first day of fasting, when most glycogen is gone, and glycerol may provide up to one fifth of total glucose production. In this way, fat stores do more than provide energy they directly help maintain the brain’s minimal glucose requirements.

During this transition, ketone production from fatty acids rises sharply. As ketones accumulate, they replace glucose as a major fuel for the brain, dramatically reducing the body’s need for glucose and slowing the breakdown of amino acids. The hormonal environment shifts to reinforce this protection: insulin and IGF-1 decline, glucagon and norepinephrine rise, and growth hormone secretion increases. Growth hormone in this context is not a muscle-building signal but a protein-sparing one, it helps preserve lean tissue by promoting fat mobilization and reducing proteolysis.

In a water fast, true muscle growth cannot occur because the body lacks both amino acid substrate and the activation of mTOR, the molecular pathway that drives muscle protein synthesis. However, fasting is not inherently catabolic. It is better described as a protective and reparative state, one in which hormonal balance and mitochondrial signaling favor maintenance, repair, and metabolic recalibration.

The mitochondria themselves shift behavior during fasting. They rely more heavily on fatty acid β-oxidation and ketone metabolism, which increase the NAD⁺/NADH ratio, reduce oxidative stress, and stimulate autophagy and mitochondrial quality control. In this sense, fasting is a repair phase, a biological pause in which the body cleans, recycles, and strengthens the cellular machinery that underpins metabolism.

Over time, the body learns to fuel itself with extraordinary precision. Fat stores provide both the energy and carbon skeletons needed to sustain glucose production. Muscles provide recyclable lactate rather than structural protein. The liver and kidneys power gluconeogenesis through fat-derived energy, while ketones protect the nervous system and spare muscle from degradation.

Because muscle gain requires nutrient abundance, building is the natural counterpart to fasting’s repair phase. The best way to preserve lean mass through fasting is to enter it with strong metabolic flexibility, stay lightly active to preserve neuromuscular signaling, maintain hydration and electrolytes, and refeed intelligently with high-quality protein and resistance training afterward. This refeed period activates mTOR, restores glycogen, and allows the body to rebuild on the foundation of renewed cellular integrity.

In short, fasting is not a period of deprivation, it is an ancient rhythm of renewal. The body’s systems are designed to defend its glucose pool, protect its muscle, and optimize its mitochondria through cycles of depletion and restoration. When paired with intelligent refeeding, fasting and recovery become the twin forces of human metabolic balance.

Now let’s get into fasting…

Fasting Guide

When leptin sensitive and mitochondrial function is good, hunger begins with biophysics signals (light and temperature) triggering biochemistry to bring hormones into action governing food seeking behavior optimally. When this is not the case, “hunger starts in the mind and is activated by conditioning.” Jimmy Moore.

Comprehensive Methodology for Fasting

1. Preparation:

• Leptin Sensitivity: Fasting is much more effective once you are leptin sensitive. Thus, correct your circadian rhythm before you begin fasting for optimal results.

• Dietary Preparation: Prior to fasting, eat a diet rich in fats and proteins. Supplement with MCTs to enhance mitochondrial metabolism and liver function if diet is insufficient.

• Nutrient Preparation: For extended fasts (7+ days), prepare your body for a month beforehand with nutrient-dense foods rich in amino acids, vitamins, and minerals to avoid deficiencies in magnesium, potassium, and phosphorous.

2. Planning:

• Duration: How many hours or days should you fast? If you’re the type of person who feels better when you eat carbohydrates compared to good quality fats, then you likely cannot handle as much time fasting as those adapted to a paleo/keto eating template. Additionally, if you have hormonal imbalances in the body, a ketogenic diet may not be optimal, as carbohydrates can help balance hormones temporarily. Be aware of your metabolic status (i.e. ability to enter ketosis) and leptin status before you decide how long you will fast. In reality time can move faster than you think. So, if selecting an 8-hour feeding window, aim for a 6-7 hour window with 1-2 hours as a buffer in case you are late to eat. In the case of an 8-hour eating window: Pick an 8-hour window which you can stick to on a regular basis (most days = at least 5 times a week). Knowing that cultural or societal temptations to eat outside this window will be present. Metabolically it pays to be consistent with the 8-hour eating window even on weekends. If this 8-hour window turns into 10 hours, it signals to your gut that you are going to bed 2 hours later. Decide on a specific fasting duration and stick to it.

• Eating Window: Gradually reduce your eating window by 1-2 hours per day until you reach your desired 6–8-hour window.

3. During the Fast:

• Hydration: Keep fluids and electrolytes up during the fast. Acceptable drinks include lemon juice, cinnamon, sea salt, apple cider vinegar, herbal teas, coconut oil, green tea, oolong tea, and peppermint tea.

• Sun and Grounding: Spend time in the sun and grounding for optimal results.

• Mild Cold Exposure and Exercise: Engage in mild cold exposure and some outdoor exercise.

• Sleep: Sleep long and deep in complete darkness, aiming for a minimum of 8 hours per night. Avoid food and water intake within 3-4 hours before bedtime.

4. Avoid Temptations:

• Social Situations: Avoid social situations where food is dominant and refrain from telling others you are fasting.

• Snacking: If you struggle with snacking, drink herbal tea or water with lemon between meals to stay satiated and hydrated.

5. Mindfulness and Productivity:

• Focus: Stay productive and keep your mind active to avoid thinking about food.

• Eating Habits: Eat only at the table and consume whole, distinct meals without snacking.

7. Seasonal Considerations:

• Winter Fasting: Metabolically humans are designed to fast in some shape or form during winter. This is when we easily access ketosis, burn fat, become cold adapted to upregulate our immune systems and sleep longer hours.

• Summer Fasting: opt for shorter fasts in summer (16/8) and longer fasts in winter (24 hours).

8. Breaking the Fast:

• Gentle Break: Break your fast gently with a small meal of protein and fat, such as animal meat, high-fat nuts like macadamias, or a small portion of fish.

• Post-Fast Diet: Always use a small meal or snack, such as almond butter or a small portion of meat or seafood, to break the fast.

By following these comprehensive guidelines, you can effectively manage your fasting periods, maintain nutritional balance, and achieve optimal results.

What will break your fast?

Let’s begin by saying, a proper fast is avoiding everything except water with a pinch of salt or lemon during the non-eating window. Now here is the nuance:

• Water, tea or black coffee will not break a fast.

• The longer the fast is, the less likely a small amount of fat or protein will break your fast. If undertaking a standard 8 hour eating window intermittent fast, then a small amount of carbohydrates or a small to medium amount of fat will likely break your fast.

• Sweeteners like Stevia and other plant-based sweeteners like monk fruit, if consumed during a fast in a small portion, will likely not break your fast.

• Brushing your teeth toothpaste will not break your fast, but half a glass of wine will.

The 10 Cellular Metabolic Pathways (Mitochondria and Cytoplasm)

Before you learn that food is only one small component of what powers metabolism, you must know all the metabolic pathways.

Mitochondria (Make 90% of ATP):

1. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) – Feeds Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

2. Beta-Oxidation – Feeds ETC

3. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain)

4. Ketogenesis (Only in any significant amount within the liver mitochondria during extended fasting or zero carb diet)

Cytoplasm (Make 10% of ATP):

1. Glycolysis

2. Gluconeogenesis (partially in the mitochondria as well)

3. Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)

4. Amino Acid Synthesis and Degradation

5. Fatty Acid Synthesis

6. Nucleotide Synthesis

These pathways together facilitate the comprehensive metabolic functioning of cells making ATP.

How to maintain energy levels during a fast is easy -Food only contributes a minor amount of energy in human metabolism

Ensure you have access to supplemental electron sources during your fasting period. Separately, Gilbert Ling and Douglas Wallace performed calculations and came up with theories of supplemental energy sources for human biology: The inner mitochondrial membrane oscillates when optimal at -400mV. When this occurs the inter‐mitochondrial junction (IMJ) of the cristae need to align in perfect size and shape. Optimized ATP production occurs at these levels.

Gilbert Ling was the first to show that the energy math of ATP hydrolysis could not explain the resting membrane potential that was measured in biochemistry labs in the 1950s. Moreover, he showed mathematically, that the ATP hydrolysis rate could not explain the shortfall of the Sodium/Potassium ATPase enzyme in Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic model.  The proposed ATPase energy calculations broke the second law of thermodynamics by over a 5-fold margin! Biochemical reactions of the hydrolysis of ATPase breaks the second law of thermodynamics. It is hard to fathom how no one saw the fallacy of this core biochemical belief based upon the negative energy balance alone.

The hydrolysis of the high-energy phosphate bond in ATP produces only -7.3 kcal/mol. When you compare this value to the nearly -60 kcal/mol generated from oxidized NADH at cytochrome I in the inner mitochondrial membrane, it becomes clear that the true energy power within a cell is primarily derived from electronic induction rather than ATP hydrolysis. Electronic induction is a phenomenon observed in quantum cellular processes, not typically covered in modern cell theory textbooks. This highlights that the amount of ATP produced from food is relatively minor compared to the broader spectrum of energy sources harnessed through electronic induction mechanisms, such as exposure to sunlight, interactions with negative ions, and the absorption of photons through our skin and eyes.

The more melanin someone has the more effective human photosynthesis. Human photosynthesis is the process of electromagnetism (light) interacting with the human living systems topological surfaces, primarily eyes and skin, charge separating water, creating a redox pile of free electrons to power biological processes (biochemistry). The protons and electrons can always find themselves in the mitochondrial metabolic pathways once they’re split and the mitochondria recombines them at cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

Beyond dietary sources, the body can collect electrons from several other mechanisms that help reduce the burden on food-derived electrons:

6. Sunlight Exposure (Photobiomodulation)

• Sunlight, especially in the form of infrared and red light, can help generate ATP in cells. The light energy is absorbed by chromophores in the mitochondria, enhancing cellular respiration and energy production.

• Reference: Hamblin, M. R. (2016). "Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation." APL Photonics, 1(2), 020901.

7. Grounding (Earthing)

• Direct physical contact with the Earth, such as walking barefoot on grass or soil, allows the transfer of free electrons from the ground into the body. These electrons have antioxidant effects and can help neutralize reactive oxygen species.

• Reference: Oschman, J. L. (2007). "Can electrons act as antioxidants? A review and commentary." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 13(1), 49-57.

8. Breathing (Negative Ions)

• Inhaling air rich in negative ions, commonly found in natural environments like forests, mountains, and near waterfalls, can increase electron availability in the body. Negative ions can improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance overall well-being, contributing indirectly to better energy metabolism.

• Reference: Krueger, A. P., & Reed, E. J. (1976). "Biological impact of small air ions." Science, 193(4259), 1209-1213.

9. Hydration and Structured Water

• Drinking structured water (also known as EZ water) and staying well-hydrated can improve cellular function. Structured water, as proposed by Gerald Pollack, has unique properties that may help improve energy transfer and storage in cells.

• Reference: Pollack, G. H. (2013). The Fourth Phase of Water: Beyond Solid, Liquid, and Vapor. Ebner and Sons Publishers.

10. Red and Near-Infrared Light Therapy

• This therapy uses specific wavelengths of light to penetrate tissues and stimulate cellular energy production, enhancing mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis.

• Reference: Hamblin, M. R., & Demidova, T. N. (2006). "Mechanisms of low-level light therapy." Proc. SPIE 6140, Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy, 614001.

11. Environmental Electromagnetic Fields

• Natural electromagnetic fields (such as those found in certain geographical areas or generated by the Earth) can influence the bioelectrical processes in the body, potentially supporting metabolic activities.

• Reference: Becker, R. O., & Selden, G. (1985). The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life. Harper.

By leveraging these alternative sources of electrons, the body can alleviate the metabolic burden on food-derived electrons, enhancing overall energy efficiency and cellular health.

How to avoid muscle breakdown and continually fat metabolise during extended fasting

Before addressing the impact of fasting on muscle preservation, it's essential to share the hypothesis held by many intelligent scientists that: Food may not be the primary way energy is created in the human body. Nobel laureate Peter Mitchell's discovery of chemiosmosis revealed that mitochondria produce ATP, the body's energy currency. However, Gilbert Ling challenged this hypothesis, demonstrating that mitochondrial ATP production accounts for only about 20% of the body's total energy output. Ling's research indicated that the majority of energy comes from external sources such as the immediate environment. This lined up with Albert Szent-Gyorgyi’s and later Robert O Becker’s discoveries that the body is photoelectric and undergoes a process of animal photosynthesis via our melanin, water, cell membrane fats, blood cells and photoreceptors/chromophores/porphyrin pigments. Then Dr. Gerald Pollack built upon Ling’s work explaining that the phase transition of water within the body allowed a capacitor effect of this substance which makes up 99% of the molecules in the human body capturing, storing and transmitting charge within the human living system. Have you noticed on cloudy days you eat more? Or have less energy? Have you noticed when you’re at the beach you don’t feel as hungry as usual?

Dr. Douglas Wallace expanded on this by uncovering chromophores within the mitochondria for UV, blue, green, red and infrared light which when excited provide electron redox power to create ATP independent of food. At the same time the water which bathes the ATPsynthase can undergo phase transition when exposed to this light, especially infrared and experience a phase transition allowing the enzyme to access more energy independent of food. Furthermore, native electric and magnetic fields such as the Schuman resonance, grounding or being in environments with moving charge (flowing water, magma, etc) will also provide a harmonic energy transfer acting like a tuning fork to the ATP generation process. So, walking with grounding shoes near a volcano or swimming in a Mexican cenote will support your metabolism to also not require food electrons. As Albert Einstein noted, energy is neither created nor destroyed but transformed, meaning our bodies continuously collect energy from the environment to sustain complex biochemical processes in myriads of ways beyond food consumption.

During fasting, the body compensates for food shortages by drawing energy from its surroundings, primarily from skin, eyes, gut, and lungs, rather than breaking down muscle mass. To minimize muscle breakdown and enhance the benefits of fasting, it is crucial to support the body with environmental energy sources. Engaging with green spaces (your free infrared sauna), grounding, sun exposure, breathwork near water, and consuming structured, mineralized water can significantly bolster your energy reserves, improve autophagy, and reduce the risk of muscle loss.

• Increase Ketone Production: As fasting progresses, your body shifts from using glucose as its primary fuel source to ketones, which are produced from fatty acids. To encourage this:

• Optimize Fat Intake Before the Fast: Eating a high-fat, low-carb meal before starting the fast can help your body transition into ketosis more rapidly.

• Fast Longer: Longer fasting periods typically increase ketone production.

• Maintain Adequate Hydration: Proper hydration supports overall metabolic functions.

• Electrolyte Balance: Keeping electrolytes balanced can help prevent metabolic stress

• Mindful Refeeding: After a fast, reintroduce food gradually to avoid triggering significant gluconeogenesis from sudden large meals.

• Use of MCTs (Medium-Chain Triglycerides): MCTs can be metabolized quickly into ketones, providing an additional energy source that may reduce the need for gluconeogenesis.

• Adaptation Phase: The body becomes more efficient at using ketones and fats for energy the longer it is in a fasted state. If you fast regularly, your body will adapt and rely more on fat stores.

• Engage in Light Resistance Training: During the fast, engage in gentle strength training to help maintain muscle mass during the fast.

• Post-Fast Nutrition: After breaking your fast, consume a balanced meal rich in protein, healthy fats, and moderate carbohydrates. This helps with muscle recovery and replenishes glycogen stores.

• Meal Timing: Distribute protein intake evenly throughout your AM eating window to support muscle protein synthesis.

• Prioritize Recovery

• Sleep: Ensure you get adequate sleep. Quality sleep is essential for muscle recovery and overall health.

• Stress Management: Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, which can lead to muscle breakdown. Implement stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, or deep breathing exercises. Collagen being unzipped by cortisol.

The most effective long-term strategy for optimizing muscle mass and continually burning body fat is the 16/8 intermittent fast with a predominant AM eating window.

Classic Intermittent Fasting 16(hours not eating)/8(hours eating): Should I skip breakfast or dinner?

• The Big Breakfast – Eating a big breakfast vs eating a big dinner: Eating a big dinner increases insulin 20% more than a big breakfast. This is good if you want to put on weight, but bad if you want to be optimal. Thus, eat a small dinner or skip it altogether to optimise body composition and always eat breakfast (3og of protein within an hour of waking).

Why carbs and snacking are a bad idea: The consistent intake of food throughout the day such as snacking, builds up insulin, glucose and/or proteins which signals to the body not to turnover poorly functioning cells and supress autophagy. It also dysregulates leptin making the body leptin resistant and unable to calculate how much energy the body has to modulate availability of energy for behaviour. In the absence of nutrients, the body must decide which cells it keeps and which it turns over. Thus, only the supremely healthy cells survive. In this way fasting clears the body of unwanted cells and debris. Spending more time healing as opposed to digesting. Regardless of the amount of fat stores you have or glycogen present in the liver, food restriction still activates M-tor and Autophagy turning over unhealthy cells. If you eat excess carbs, your liver converts these into triglycerides when glycogen stores are full. Fasting for 7 days lowers production of LDL by 30% this occurs because it lowers triglycerides and VLDL (a precursor to LDL). This is not necessarily a good thing if there is lots of sun in the environment as it will reduce your body’s ability to generate hormones optimally with large amounts of sunlight exposure. Hence why fasting is predominantly a winter evolved strategy for humans and animals.

Fasting results in an inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase, decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism. Fasting ensures the gut bacteria become starved, FIAF rises, and this makes the human host burn its own fat for fuel and fat stores are depleted.

Fasting Benefits

Key Benefits:

Benefits of Fasting

13. Metabolic Health: Fasting improves lipid profiles by lowering triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. It enhances glucose metabolism and can help reverse metabolic syndrome.

14. Brain Health: Ketones produced during fasting provide an efficient fuel for the brain, protecting neurons and improving cognitive function. Studies have shown that fasting can mitigate symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

15. Weight Management: Fasting promotes fat loss while preserving lean muscle mass, making it an effective strategy for weight management, body composition and detoxification.

16. Inflammation and Immunity: Fasting reduces systemic inflammation and supports immune function, lowering the risk of chronic diseases.

17. Activating Autophagy (cell recycling): Fasting lowers methionine and increases TCA and urea cycle kinetics. This is why fasting is linked to improved autophagy if done in the SUN. If you are fasting during the day and exposed to blue light instead, fasting loses this major benefit. Exercise also depletes us of methionine, assuming the urea and TCA cycles are operational. If they are not, exercise can hurt us.

1. Fasting + Sunlight = Slows Electron Transport speeds in the mitochondria. Solar exposure and fasting work with light frequencies to slow ECT flow and this can increase the intracellular NAD/NADH ratio if the light environment is dominated by sunlight. It won’t do this with artificial light.

18. Improvement in the gut microbiome

1. IF benefits IBS and other forms of colitis.

2. IF increases the presence of lactobacillus and healthy mucosal lining and improves intestinal functioning.

3. IF helps to reverse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Used in conjunction with cold thermogenesis (CT) which stimulates an increase in brown fat. When brown fat stores increase, this is correlated with a corresponding decrease in non-alcoholic fatty liver.

19. As long as a decent mitochondrial redox state is present, fasting creates glutathione in cells. A good redox state is -400mV in the mitochondria across from Cytochrome 1 to Oxygen. When the Redox goes below -200mV a body struggles with glutathione creation.

1. Remember, the major antioxidant system in the body is glutathione as it stabilises the redox potential in the mitochondria from NAD+ to the ATPase. Vitamin C does this too but is a backup system. The Ultimate use for Vitamin C for humans is the creation of Catecholamines. Catecholamines are hormones made by your adrenal glands like dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

20. The liver releases bile more optimally when fasting under sunlight. During mitochondrial recycling in the gut, fasting improves the bile release and improves autophagy and apoptosis.

21. Fasting can deplete deuterium in the body, but you must be strong enough and be in the sun enough to fast in the first place. Fasting increases our ability to recycle protons from the TCA intermediates to lighten the load of the heavier hydrogen. IR light from the sun does this also. So does Cold Thermogenesis and Methylene Blue.

22. Complementary Cancer Approach: Fasting, rather than eating fats, when combined with sunlight and grounding can combat cancer

1. Cancer appears in cells whose mitochondria have inhibited apoptosis function. Mitochondria conduct apoptosis during proper sleep when there is adequate melatonin and vitamin D. Melatonin is made in AM sunlight and Vitamin D is made later in the day via UVB. Melatonin is released after 4 hours of darkness. No sunshine and no darkness = cancer.

2. In cancer, less is more if you add sunlight to your template. Fasting is the ideal way to create ketosis in oncogenesis. Using fats exogenously in foods is not the best choice in cancer, but not eating makes the body use its own fat sources to make CO2 and DDW in the matrix and changing the isotope fraction in the matrix BUT not the cytosol or plasma. That water created must then be placed into the sun to build the redox. The optimal way to do it is in sunlight.

3. Ketosis via fasting is a good complement to regular cancer therapy because it stimulates natural "electron restriction" through mitochondrion with poor ECT function. Cancer is a mitochondrial disease so fuelling it with electrons from foods is not the best idea. 

4. Stimulating mitophagy with fasting is what a mitochondriac would do as the first move. Moreover, fasting elicits different responses in normal and cancer cells because of the heteroplasmy rate differential between both, and fasting can reduce certain side effects of cytotoxic therapy.

5. Ketosis from eating alone, with little or no AM (morning) solar light (UV-A and IR-A), is a recipe for disaster. When subtracting sunlight, the cancer cell remains busted. They remain without the ability to condense the respiratory proteins to lower mitochondrial mutation (heteroplasmy) rates. If you do not do this, a high fat Ketotic diet can drive problematic free radical signalling from our cytochromes in the mitochondria and that can cause apoptosis. This is a real problem when it occurs in a tissue with a high density of mitochondrial, like the heart and brain. Cell suicide is OK in some places in the body, but it is not OK in the heart or brain. Nutritional ketosis and fasting ketosis are not equivalent because of free radical signalling. Free radical signalling is about the spin state of electrons, protons, and PHOTONS that mitochondria emit. Light has to be fixed first to repair a ubiquitination problem in cancer cells. Ubiquitination defects are circadian defects that are fuelled by mitochondrial heteroplasmy rates. Nutritional Ketosis is incapable of doing it alone. Mitophagy, mitochondrial recycling, is best driven by solar light cycles and fasting. Fasting is a better choice in cancer than a fat-laden diet. All light energy in excitons is transferred to electro-mechanical vibrational energy in mitochondria and the cytoplasm. That cytoplasm is supposed to be a field with water made by MITOCHONDRIA. In glioma patients, their cytoplasm is always deficient in water because of the redox shifted in mitochondria called the Warburg effect due to deficits in water creation from cytochrome C oxidase. This is why the 100Hz vibration is linked to incident light waves interaction with cytosolic water made by mitochondria and not from the FOOD we eat. In a cancer state mitochondrion cannot oscillate properly because pre-existing heteroplasmy is present. Dr. Doug Wallace and Megan McManus data are crystal clear on this. This process of energy transfer is a molecular resonance effect called internal conversion. When this process is broken the body cannot burn fat in the mitochondria even if you eat it, and as a result, you do not make Deuterium Depleted water or CO2 well for the matrix/cytosol. That created water is what becomes a battery for sunlight to create mitophagy via the fasting ketosis state so sunlight can be buried in it like a capacitor. That state lowers heteroplasmy and can be quite beneficial in cancer. Matrix/cytosol water made from mitochondria is essential to the redox potential of mitochondrial function to reverse the Warburg shift. Key: Marry ketosis with AM UV-A and IR-A light to give ketosis a chance to work from the mitochondriac perspective. 

1. Cites:

1. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/…/1…/s12916-017-0873-x

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507492/?log%24=activity&fbclid=IwAR19CWg_K-bab8At3GbtGtxgOmsmrHtwVY62QqU7tZWTBOZy7DUrtabZIEs

3. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0873-x?fbclid=IwAR1tel9WXpWvSjB2qy9se7HY5Vabj2wyYX6eQpjEsiWcMyfJ0FY5gC_NhVY 

23. Fasting increases sensitivity to insulin

1. Combats diabetes

2. When women are insulin resistant, they upregulate the enzyme 17,20-lyase. This enzyme causes more female hormones to be converted to male hormones. This can result in more body hair; this disrupts prolactin and can throw off the menstrual cycle. If this goes on long enough, it can make it easier for ovarian cysts to grow. This can also, result in infertility in women.

24. Fasting and HIIT Exercise increase Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) which supports the growth of neurons and supports long-term memory. Lowering risk of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease. The lower the insulin level the more memory improves. Higher BMI = less attention, focus and reasoning and abstract thought. Fasting decreases insulin and enhances weightless. Exercise calls on mitochondria to align their cristae and communicate more effectively.

25. Fasting doesn’t provide the body with a rest; it stresses the body out. This stress induces longevity such as optimising body weight/composition, lowering blood pressure, lowering body fat, and increasing the action of the sirtuins. Fasting increases the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio, setting off a cascade of events involving epigenetics and regulation of metabolism.

Who should be careful with or avoid fasting all together?

1. Blood sugar issues (Diabetes)
2. Fatigue or thyroid dysfunction
3. High gut inflammation
4. Malnutrition, underweight or anorexic
5. When the body is under 4% body fat it begins to use muscle as fuel. This is called wasting.
6. Under 18 years of age – children who fast are often malnourished. Children should never go more than 24 hours without eating.
7. Pregnant women or breast feeding
8. Taking certain medications like cholesterol lowering meds.
9. Diabetics
10. NB: They can but they must be very careful, and it is context specific.
11. Mitochondrial dysfunction
12. Adrenal fatigue: Begin with 12-12 Fasting strategy. It is important to ensure the patients adrenals and nervous system can handle this food stress. Slowly getting them fatter adapted.
13. Mistakes of fasting, too low calorie in fasting is a big issue. Key to slowly incorporate intermittent fasting. It’s important to ensure that when you do fast, it should be done when your hormone needs, and stress demands are at their highest. A good idea is to do IF on weekends.
14. Women and Fasting: For longer fasts, women should avoid fasting the week before menstruation (last week of luteal phase), because it will impact their progesterone spike. Women are safe to do less than 16 hour fasts all the time, so this is recommended to optimise body composition. Pay attention to a delayed menstrual period if fasting too long, this is a sign you have fasted too close to menstruation and its adversely affected progesterone.

Fast Like a Pro - Tips

1. Circadian Fasting: Aligning fasting periods with natural circadian rhythms can enhance the benefits. For example, consuming a larger meal in the morning and fasting in the evening aligns with the body's natural metabolic cycles. A 24h fast is optimally undertaken when under the power of sunlight and connected to the earth during the day, and in pitch black darkness and connected to the earth at night.

2. Ketosis and Nutrient Timing: A ketogenic diet can complement fasting by maintaining ketosis, even in the presence of food. This can be particularly beneficial for managing conditions like epilepsy, obesity, and diabetes.

3. Hydration and Electrolytes: Maintaining proper hydration and electrolyte balance is crucial during fasting to support metabolic processes and prevent dehydration.

4. The key in any type of fasting is, when you do eat it must be high quality. Avoiding empty calories, processed food or malnutrition.

5. Periodic Fasting = Using hunger some of the time to engage our survival circuit

1. 16/8 Diet: 2 meals per day in 8 hours

2. 5+2 Diet: 75% pure calories 2 days per week

3. Eat Stop Eat: Skip either 1 or 2 day of food per week. Or Skip food for 1 week, every 3 months.

6. Morning sickness is a sign from the baby that the mother needs to fast and feed of her body fat for a short period of time.

7. Women should consider the 16:8 Intermittent fasting protocol while sunning their breasts in the AM sun to improve their solar callus first

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982776/

8. Consume liver or supplement B2 before and after fasting for optimal results. Remember, B2 can’t make up for a lack of substrate… B2 is just a component of the chain, not a substrate in and of itself. Obvs life continues even after fasting 40 days.

1. https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.E21-05-0262 

9. After fasting have more protein to fuel the new stem cells to create a new you as you turn over poor functioning cells.

10. Day 2 of fasting in a 7 day fast is the hardest, it gets easier after that. Ghrelin stops secreting in a big way after day 2. The savalic phase response is dramatically dampened as a result.

11. You don’t need food; you may just need salt. During a fast if you are struggling to make it to the next eating window beginning, thus low glucose, a pinch of salt in water has a stabilising effect on blood volume, thus increasing hydration. This will specifically benefit people who drink coffee or black tea which are dichroitic.

1. NB: Sauna’s spike blood glucose because you are dehydrating.

Blood Tests Related to Fasting

• Fasting insulin levels would be ideal to be below 5. Fasting and lowering blood sugar takes stress off the Beta cells of the pancreas the better.

• A high fasting glucose = A broken cytochrome 1 (NAD/NADH) protein in the mitochondria (usually diabetic or obese too).

• HOMA score = Fasting insulin / Fasting Glucose = less than 1.5 if it’s above 3 insulin resistant. (greater than 4 very insulin resistant).

How to lower blood glucose:

• HIIT exercise between 1pm to 5pm will lower glucose (sweep it out of blood stream)

• Lemon and lime in water will lower glucose. This is the effect of the acidity. (Signals lowering)

• Cinnamon is a mild glucose lowering agent. (Signals lowering)

• Supplements: Berberine (sweep it out of blood stream)

• Medications: Metformin

• AMP-kinase (activated under fasting) stabilizes the tumour suppressor TET2 and reduces cancer risk. Diabetes deactivates AMPK, destabilizes TET2 and increases the risk for cancer. This may partly explain the cancer suppressive function of Metformin. AMP-k activation by blue light and nnEMF causes cancer.  The melanopsin/retinol link is absent in the fasting stimulus.  This tells you that blaming glucose metabolism is a thought you have to unlearn. Glucose is not bad, but a disrupted circadian mechanism is beyond toxic for your cells.

• Cite: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0350-5 

Applications to help fasting:

• Zero App https://www.zerofasting.com/

• My Circadian Clock https://www.mycircadianclock.org/

Citations:

1. Intermittent Fasting: https://granttinsley.com/intermittent-fasting 

2. The Ketogenic diet is protective of Mitochondria: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561461/

3. Mitochondria change size and shape via Intermittent Fasting AMP-K activation.

1. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/11/intermittent-fasting-may-be-center-of-increasing-lifespan/?fbclid=IwAR3oPFIUONUqV5_LFaisKQge4LkpkIcp-I2ORxTItm5cZK_GJiB6KyoT4gc 

4. Gut bacteria follow circadian rhythms: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319390 

5. Fasting improves vagus nerve signalling https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11189024 

6. Sirtuins activation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6187225/ 

7. Fasting depletes deuterium: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-some-psychiatric-disorders-a-ph-problem/?sf110742011=1 

8. Jimmy Moore – The complete guide to fasting (book)

9. Gerald Pollack – The Fourth Phase of Water (book)

10. Robert O Becker – The Body Electric (book)

11. Douglas Ce Wallace – Mitochondria (book)